Pdf optimization of micromachined reflex klystrons for operation. Additional cavities serve to velocitymodulate the electron beam and produce an increase in the energy available at the output. Klystron tube 2k25 the klystron tube 2k25 is a single cavity variable frequency microwave generator of low power and low efficiency. Microwave engineering reflex klystron tutorialspoint. Klystron amplification, power output, and efficiency can be greatly improved by the addition of intermediate cavities between the input and output cavities of the basic klystron. A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube evacuated electron tube the name klystron comes from the stem form. A klystron is a specialized linearbeam vacuum tube, invented in 1937 by american electrical. Klystron oscillator reflex klystron traveling wave tube magnetron klystron. The electrons are fired into one end of the tube by an electron gun. The highest frequency which a conventional vacuumtube oscillator can generate is not limited by the. Reflex klystron oscillators ieee xplore a reflex klystron oscillator. The authors propose a new approach to thz power generation.
After passing through the resonant cavity they are reflected by a negatively charged reflector electrode for another pass through the cavity, where they are then collected. Jan 07, 2019 a reflex klystron consists of an electron gun, a cavity with a pair of grids and a repeller plate as shown in the above diagram. The reflex klystron makes use of velocity modulation to transform a continuous electron beam into. This story from radio electronics magazine does a real nice job explaining the workings of a klystron without getting too deep into the gory theoretical detail. This name is given by the name of its inventor robert sutton, it allow the passage of electron beam through a single resonant cavity. This microwave generator, is a klystron that works on reflections and oscillations in a single cavity, which has a variable frequency. Klystron oscillator reflex klystron traveling wave tube biological effect of microwaves. The simplest klystron tube is the twocavity klystron.
Reflex klystron vacuum tube manufactured goods free 30. The ranges of all these voltages are given in the specification data sheet. Now understand the concept of reflex klystron in microwave engineering in details through following questions and answers. Reflexklystron oscillators ieee xplore a reflexklystron oscillator. Microwave engineering cavity klystron for the generation and amplification of microwaves, there is a need of some special tubes called as microwave tubes. Now, let us see bunching process and the modes and reflex klystron, this vertical axis represent the distance from the cavity gap towards the repeller plate, and this horizontal axis represent the time taken by the electrons in moving in the repeller space. This unit came from a working environment but has not been tested. Klystron power supply, klystron tube, isolator, frequency meter, variable attenuator, detector mount, waveguide stand, vswr meter and bnc cable. From each mode and the band of frequencies over which the circuit can be. The reflex klystron contains a reflector plate, referred to as the repeller, instead of the output cavity used in other types of klystrons. Another tube based on velocity modulation, and used to generate microwave energy, is the reflex klystron figure 29. A reflex klystron is an obsolete type in which the electron beam was. Utiliz ing silicon micromachining techniques, the design and fabrication concept of a mono lithic thz vacuumtube.
Piskunov, working as a group, and, independently, by the soviet engineer v. Sep 27, 2017 in this video, i have explained reflex klystron with following points 1. The brothers russell and sigurd varian of stanford university are the. Pdf we investigated the foundations for highfrequency vacuum electron devices experimentally, with emphasis on deep etch xray lithography. Two cavity klystron is a microwave vacuum tube using two cavity resonator to produce velocity modulation of electron beam and to produce amplification.
Reflex klystron free download as powerpoint presentation. The electron beam is velocity modulated when it first passes through the cavity. Microwave frequencies are normally regarded as those in the range of. The constructional details of this reflex klystron is as shown in the following figure. Microwave tube research and development centre, bangalore, india. The simplest klystron tube is the reflex klystron klystron. In this video, i have explained reflex klystron with following points 1. What is a klystron amplifier, types, differences and their. The main difference between two cavity reflex klystron amplifier and reflex klystron is that the output cavity is omitted in reflex klystron and the repeller or reflector electrode, placed a very.
However, these devices are substituted with semiconductor microwave devices. The first papers on the theory of the reflex klystron were published by the soviet physicists ia. The reflex klystron another tube based on velocity modulation, and used to generate microwave energy, is the reflex klystron figure 29. In this tube there are two microwave cavity resonators, the catcher and the buncher. Note in figure that the resonator potential is common to the resonator cavity, the accelerating grid, and the entire body of the tube. Us2944183a internal cavity reflex klystron tuned by a. This hole is exactly located in the center of broad wall because the. Varian reflex klystron tube va 220b etheric beam locator.
The name of this klystron is taken due to its reflex act of electron beam. It is assumed that oscillations already exist in the tube and they are sustained by its operation. The highest frequency which a conventional vacuum tube oscillator can generate is not limited by the. Microwave engineering cavity klystron tutorialspoint.
Mcq in microwave tubes and circuits from the book electronic communication systems by george kennedy. Reflex klystron thermally tuned description the bendixa type tk68 tube is a thermally tuned c band reflex oscillator. A klystron tube is a special type of vacuum tube invented in 1937 by the varian brothers. Reflex klystron article about reflex klystron by the free. A vacuum tube is a piece of electronic equipment, usually a tubular glass structure, from which most of the air has been removed. A singlecavity klystron in which the electron beam is reflected back through the cavity resonator by a repelling electrode having a negative voltage. This amplifier is mainly used as an oscillator within a modulator of radar receivers as well as microwave transmitters. Product description a small hole in the broad wall of the waveguide is provided, through which output coupling pin of klystron tube enters into the waveguide.
When used as an amplifier, the weak microwave signal to be amplified is applied to the buncher cavity through a coaxial cable or waveguide, and the amplified signal is extracted from the catcher cavity. The dependence of these characteristics on the beam current, beam voltage, re flector voltage, load, and other klystron design factors. Reflex klystron vacuum tube electromagnetism scribd. Mar 22, 2020 a klystron tube is a special type of vacuum tube invented in 1937 by the varian brothers. Important question and answers on reflex klystron with. This type of klystron is mostly used for the purpose of amplification of microwave length of frequencies. A microwave source of surprising range and endurance george caryotakis stanford linear accelerator center, stanford university, stanford ca 94309 abstract this year marks the 60th anniversary of the birth of the klystron at stanford university. The klystron power supply also provides all the other d.
Traveling wave tube twt the travelling wave tube is a new type of tube which has displayed considerable promise as a broad band amplifier, proposed by pierce and others in 1946. Reflex klystron consists of an electron gun, a cathode filament, an anode cavity, and an electrode at the cathode potential. From each mode and the band of frequencies over which the circuit can be tuned. Klystron tube article about klystron tube by the free. In the reflex klystron, the electron beam passes through a single resonant cavity. Following a number of reorganizations, it was purchased by agilent technologies in 2010. Reflex klystrons were developed in 1940 by the soviet engineers n. Klystron types there are two basic configurations of klystron tubes 1. These amplifiers are different from klystron amplifiers in the following ways. Pdf experimental investigations on miniaturized highfrequency. Dec 19, 2018 following a number of reorganizations, it was purchased by agilent technologies in 2010. Who tv series from england in the 70s in the tv show it was called an etheric beam locator. Voltages required for operation of reflex klystron tube such as beam, heater and reflector voltage. The klystron tube was used for radar systems during the second world war and is still in use for radar systems today.
The electrons while passing through the anode cavity, gain some velocity. The reflex klystron contains a reflector plate, referred to as the. Nov 09, 2016 on this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. To study the characteristics of the reflex klystron tube and to determine its electronic tuning range. Which is impossible and not feasible to use other components for this. Klystron multi cavity klystron, reflex klystron, working. The difference between reflex and twomulti cavity klystron is that, reflex klystron uses single cavity for modulationdemodulation. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
A klystron is a vacuum tube that can be used either as a generator or as an amplifier of power, at microwave frequencies. In this klystron, a single pair of grids does the functions of both the buncher and the catcher grids. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Reflex klystron working, oscillator and applegate diagram.
Reflex klystron is invented by robert sutton, so another name of this klystron amplifier is sutton tube. To study the mode characteristics of the reflex klystron tube and to determine its electronic tuning range. A microwave source of surprising range and endurance pdf. Varian va 220b klystron tube reflex klystron tube uhv vacuum this particular item is similar to the ones used in the dr. A reflex klystron is an obsolete type in which the electron beam was reflected. The twocavity klystron is the simplest klystron tube. Microwave communication questions and answers pdf free download for ece mcqs objective type interview questions lab viva manual gate cat syllabus microwave communication questions and answers. Which is impossible and not feasible to use other components for this purpose. A reflex klystron consists of an electron gun, a cavity with a pair of grids and a repeller plate as shown in the above diagram. The operation of reflex klystron is understood by some assumptions. It is known by this name due to its reflex action of electron beam. Utiliz ing silicon micromachining techniques, the design and fabrication concept of a mono lithic thz vacuum tube.
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